A headache can range from mild discomfort to debilitating pain and can be caused by a variety of factors, such as tension, dehydration, sinus congestion, or certain medical conditions. When over-the-counter remedies fail to provide relief, a doctor may prescribe medications to alleviate symptoms and treat the underlying cause of the headache.
Here is a rundown of some common prescription medications used to treat headaches:
Triptans: These drugs, such as sumatriptan (Imitrex) or rizatriptan (Maxalt), work by narrowing blood vessels in the brain and reducing inflammation that can cause migraines. They are usually taken at the onset of a migraine attack and are available in tablet, nasal spray, or injection form.
Ergotamines: Ergotamine drugs, such as dihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45), constrict blood vessels in the brain and are typically used to treat migraines that last longer than 48 hours. They can cause nausea and vomiting, so they are often given in combination with anti-nausea medication.
Anti-inflammatory drugs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as naproxen (Aleve) and ibuprofen (Advil) can reduce pain and inflammation associated with tension headaches. Prescription-strength NSAIDs are also available.
Opioids: Strong pain relievers such as codeine, oxycodone, and hydrocodone are sometimes prescribed for severe headaches that do not respond to other treatments. However, they are not recommended for long-term use due to their potential for addiction and side effects such as drowsiness and nausea.
Preventive medications: If headaches occur frequently, preventive medications may be prescribed to reduce their frequency and severity. These medications include beta-blockers, antidepressants, and anti-seizure drugs, and can take several weeks to start working.
It is important to follow the instructions of your doctor when taking prescription medications for headaches. Some medications can cause side effects, interactions with other drugs, and should be avoided during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.
In addition to prescription medications, there are several lifestyle changes that can help prevent headaches, such as getting regular exercise, maintaining a healthy diet, managing stress, and getting enough sleep. If you experience severe or frequent headaches, talk to your doctor about the best treatment options for you.
