Decoding Type 2 Diabetes Lingo: 6 Important Questions
Understanding the language and terminology associated with type 2 diabetes is crucial for effectively managing the condition and communicating with healthcare professionals. However, the world of diabetes can be filled with complex terms and jargon that may be overwhelming for those newly diagnosed or unfamiliar with the disease. In this article, we will decode some important questions related to type 2 diabetes, providing clear and concise explanations to help you navigate the terminology and better comprehend your diabetes journey.
What is HbA1c, and why is it important?
HbA1c, also known as glycated hemoglobin, is a blood test that measures your average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months. It provides a snapshot of your long-term blood sugar control. The HbA1c value is expressed as a percentage. The lower the percentage, the better the blood sugar control. Regular monitoring of HbA1c helps healthcare professionals assess the effectiveness of your diabetes management plan and make necessary adjustments.
What are blood glucose levels, and how do I interpret them?
Blood glucose levels refer to the amount of sugar (glucose) present in your blood. Monitoring blood glucose levels is essential in managing type 2 diabetes. The two common ways to measure blood glucose are fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and postprandial glucose (PPG). FPG is a measurement taken after fasting for at least 8 hours, while PPG is measured after a meal. Normal fasting glucose levels are typically between 70-99 mg/dL (3.9-5.5 mmol/L), and normal PPG levels are generally below 180 mg/dL (10 mmol/L). However, target ranges may vary depending on individual circumstances, so it’s important to consult with your healthcare team for personalized goals.
What is insulin resistance?
Insulin resistance occurs when the body’s cells become less responsive to the effects of insulin. As a result, more insulin is required to transport glucose from the bloodstream into the cells for energy. Insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes and can lead to elevated blood sugar levels. Lifestyle changes, such as regular physical activity and a healthy diet, can help improve insulin sensitivity and reduce insulin resistance.
What is hypoglycemia, and how can I recognize it?
Hypoglycemia, also known as low blood sugar, occurs when blood glucose levels drop below normal range (usually below 70 mg/dL or 3.9 mmol/L). Common symptoms of hypoglycemia include shakiness, dizziness, sweating, confusion, irritability, and hunger. It is important to treat hypoglycemia promptly by consuming a fast-acting source of glucose, such as fruit juice or glucose tablets. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels, adhering to medication and meal schedules, and adjusting diabetes management strategies can help prevent hypoglycemic episodes.
What are oral medications, and how do they work?
Oral medications, also known as antidiabetic drugs, are prescribed to manage type 2 diabetes. These medications are taken by mouth and work in various ways to help lower blood sugar levels. They may stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin, enhance insulin sensitivity, decrease glucose production in the liver, or slow down the absorption of carbohydrates. Oral medications are often used in conjunction with lifestyle modifications and insulin therapy when necessary.
What is diabetic neuropathy, and how can it be prevented?
Diabetic neuropathy is a condition characterized by nerve damage caused by high blood sugar levels over time. It commonly affects the feet and legs but can also impact other parts of the body. Symptoms may include numbness
