Thyroidectomy, or the surgical removal of the thyroid gland, is a common treatment for a variety of thyroid disorders, including thyroid cancer, hyperthyroidism, and goiter. While the procedure is generally safe, there are potential complications associated with thyroid removal that patients should be aware of.
Hypothyroidism: One of the most common complications of thyroid removal is the development of hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid. This occurs when the remaining thyroid tissue is not able to produce enough thyroid hormone to meet the body’s needs. Hypothyroidism can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and dry skin, and can be treated with thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury: The recurrent laryngeal nerve runs near the thyroid gland and is responsible for controlling the muscles of the vocal cords. In some cases, this nerve can be damaged during thyroid surgery, leading to hoarseness, difficulty speaking, or even vocal cord paralysis. Most cases of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury are temporary, but in some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to correct the problem.
Bleeding: Like any surgery, thyroidectomy carries a risk of bleeding. In some cases, bleeding can be severe enough to require a blood transfusion or even a second surgery to control the bleeding. Patients should be aware of the signs of excessive bleeding, such as excessive swelling or bruising, and should contact their surgeon if these symptoms occur.
Infection: As with any surgical procedure, there is a risk of infection following thyroidectomy. Symptoms of infection may include fever, chills, redness or warmth around the surgical site, and drainage or pus from the incision. Patients who develop signs of infection should contact their surgeon immediately.
Damage to the parathyroid glands: The parathyroid glands are small glands located near the thyroid gland that are responsible for regulating calcium levels in the body. During thyroidectomy, the parathyroid glands can be accidentally damaged or removed, leading to a condition known as hypoparathyroidism. Symptoms of hypoparathyroidism may include muscle cramps, tingling or numbness in the fingers or toes, and muscle spasms. Treatment for hypoparathyroidism may include calcium and vitamin D supplements.
While the risk of complications associated with thyroidectomy is relatively low, patients should be aware of the potential risks and discuss these with their surgeon prior to undergoing the procedure. In addition, patients should follow their surgeon’s postoperative instructions closely to minimize the risk of complications and ensure a smooth recovery.
