Kidney failure, also known as renal failure, occurs when the kidneys are no longer able to filter waste products and excess fluid from the blood. It can be a life-threatening condition that requires prompt medical attention.
There are two types of kidney failure: acute and chronic. Acute kidney failure is a sudden loss of kidney function that can occur within a few hours or days, while chronic kidney failure is a gradual loss of kidney function that develops over a period of months or years.
Some common causes of kidney failure include:
Diabetes: Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure. Over time, high levels of glucose in the blood can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to kidney damage and eventual failure.
High blood pressure: High blood pressure can also damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing their ability to filter waste products and excess fluid from the blood.
Infections: Certain infections, such as those affecting the urinary tract or kidneys themselves, can lead to kidney failure.
Medications and toxins: Certain medications and toxins, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics, and heavy metals, can damage the kidneys and lead to kidney failure.
Symptoms of kidney failure may include:
Fatigue
Shortness of breath
Swelling in the legs and feet
Nausea and vomiting
Confusion or difficulty concentrating
Abnormally high or low urine output
Blood in the urine
Diagnosis of kidney failure typically involves blood and urine tests to assess kidney function, as well as imaging tests such as an ultrasound or CT scan to evaluate the kidneys themselves. Treatment options for kidney failure may include medication, dietary changes, and dialysis, which involves using a machine to filter waste products and excess fluid from the blood. In some cases, a kidney transplant may be necessary.
Preventing kidney failure involves managing underlying medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, as well as avoiding medications and toxins that can damage the kidneys. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, can also help promote kidney health.
