A cyst on the ovary is a sac filled with fluid that develops on or inside an ovary. Ovarian cysts are quite common and usually do not cause any symptoms. However, in some cases, they can grow large, become painful, or cause other complications.
There are several different types of ovarian cysts, and the causes can vary depending on the type. Here are some of the most common causes of ovarian cysts:
Follicle cysts: These are the most common type of ovarian cysts, and they form when a follicle fails to rupture and release an egg during ovulation. Instead, the follicle continues to grow and forms a cyst.
Corpus luteum cysts: These cysts form when the corpus luteum, the structure that forms after an egg is released during ovulation, fills with fluid.
Endometriomas: These cysts develop when endometrial tissue, which normally lines the inside of the uterus, grows outside of the uterus and attaches to the ovaries.
Cystadenomas: These cysts develop from the cells on the surface of the ovary and can be filled with either fluid or mucus.
Dermoid cysts: These are rare cysts that can contain a variety of different types of tissue, including hair, teeth, and skin.
While the exact cause of ovarian cysts is not always clear, there are several risk factors that can increase a woman’s chances of developing them. These include:
Hormonal imbalances
Endometriosis
Pelvic infections
Previous ovarian cysts
Pregnancy
Infertility treatments that stimulate ovulation
Family history of ovarian cysts or ovarian cancer
Age (ovarian cysts are more common in women of reproductive age)
If you suspect you may have an ovarian cyst, it is important to speak with your healthcare provider. They can perform a physical exam and order imaging tests, such as an ultrasound, to confirm the presence of a cyst and determine its size and type.
In most cases, ovarian cysts will resolve on their own without treatment. However, if a cyst is causing symptoms or is large in size, your healthcare provider may recommend treatment options such as hormonal birth control or surgery to remove the cyst.