Urine retention, also known as urinary retention, is a medical condition in which the bladder cannot empty completely or at all. It is often associated with a feeling of discomfort and pain in the lower abdomen. There are several factors that can cause urine retention, including neurological, anatomical, and functional issues.
Neurological causes: Damage to the nervous system, particularly the nerves that control the bladder, can lead to urine retention. Conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and spinal cord injury can cause nerve damage that affects bladder function. Other conditions such as stroke and brain injury can also affect the brain’s ability to control bladder function.
Anatomical causes: Anatomic abnormalities can also lead to urine retention. These include conditions that obstruct the urethra or bladder outlet, such as prostate enlargement, bladder stones, and urethral strictures. In women, pelvic organ prolapse can also lead to urine retention.
Functional causes: Certain medications, particularly those used to treat high blood pressure and allergies, can cause urine retention as a side effect. Chronic constipation, obesity, and dehydration can also affect bladder function and lead to urine retention.
Other factors that can cause urine retention include bladder infections, trauma to the bladder or urethra, and certain medical procedures such as catheterization or prostate surgery.
The symptoms of urine retention can vary depending on the severity and cause of the condition. Some common symptoms include:
Difficulty starting urination
Weak urine stream
Urinary incontinence
Urinary tract infections
Frequent urination
Inability to fully empty the bladder
Pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen or back
If you are experiencing symptoms of urine retention, it is important to see a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. Treatment options include medication, catheterization, and surgery, depending on the underlying cause of the condition.
In summary, urine retention is a condition in which the bladder cannot empty completely or at all. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including neurological, anatomical, and functional issues. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause of the condition and should be determined by a healthcare provider.
