Urinary retention, also known as ischuria, is a condition in which a person is unable to empty their bladder completely, or at all. This can lead to discomfort, pain, and even serious complications such as urinary tract infections and kidney damage. Treatment for urinary retention varies depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition.
One of the first steps in treating urinary retention is to relieve the immediate discomfort and pain caused by the condition. This can be done by using a catheter to drain the urine from the bladder. A catheter is a thin tube that is inserted into the urethra and guided up into the bladder. The urine then drains out through the catheter and into a bag. This is usually done in a hospital or clinic setting, but in some cases, a person may be taught to insert and remove the catheter themselves.
Once the immediate discomfort has been relieved, the underlying cause of the urinary retention needs to be identified and addressed. There are several different causes of urinary retention, including:
Neurogenic causes – This occurs when there is damage to the nerves that control the bladder. This can be caused by conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, or a spinal cord injury.
Obstructive causes – This occurs when there is something blocking the flow of urine from the bladder. This can be caused by an enlarged prostate, a urethral stricture, or a bladder stone.
Medications – Certain medications can cause urinary retention as a side effect. These include antidepressants, antihistamines, and decongestants.
Infection – Urinary tract infections can cause inflammation and swelling in the bladder, which can lead to urinary retention.
Once the underlying cause has been identified, treatment can be tailored to the individual. Treatment options include:
Medications – Medications can be used to relax the bladder muscles and improve urine flow. Examples include alpha blockers, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, and anticholinergics.
Surgery – In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove an obstruction or repair a damaged bladder or urethra.
Self-catheterization – If the cause of urinary retention is a neurogenic or obstructive condition, a person may need to learn how to use a catheter to empty their bladder on a regular basis.
Lifestyle changes – Making lifestyle changes such as avoiding alcohol and caffeine, and practicing bladder training exercises can help reduce symptoms of urinary retention.
In conclusion, urinary retention is a serious condition that can cause discomfort, pain, and even serious complications. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and severity of the condition, and may include medications, surgery, self-catheterization, and lifestyle changes. It is important to seek medical attention if you are experiencing symptoms of urinary retention.
