HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus, is a virus that attacks the immune system and can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV primarily targets CD4+ T cells, a type of white blood cell that plays a critical role in the immune system. The virus is found in bodily fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk.
Once the virus enters the body, it can travel through the bloodstream to different parts of the body. It can also replicate within the CD4+ T cells and destroy them, leading to a weakened immune system. Over time, this can result in a variety of health problems, including opportunistic infections, certain types of cancer, and other complications.
The HIV virus can be transmitted through various routes, including:
Sexual contact: HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sexual contact with an infected person. This can include vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
Sharing needles: HIV can be transmitted through sharing needles or other injection equipment with an infected person. This can include injecting drugs, steroids, or other substances.
From mother to child: HIV can be transmitted from an infected mother to her baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
Blood transfusions: While rare, HIV can be transmitted through blood transfusions or organ transplants from an infected donor.
It is important to note that the virus cannot be transmitted through casual contact, such as hugging, shaking hands, or sharing food or drinks. Additionally, HIV cannot be transmitted through insect bites, saliva, tears, or sweat.
In summary, HIV can live in bodily fluids, including blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk. It is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, sharing needles, mother-to-child transmission, or blood transfusions. However, with proper prevention measures and treatment, HIV can be managed and its transmission can be prevented.
