Barrier methods of contraception are physical barriers that prevent sperm from reaching an egg. They include:
Condoms: These are the most common type of barrier method. They can be made of latex, polyurethane or lambskin. Condoms are worn over the penis or inserted into the vagina before intercourse.
Diaphragms: These are shallow, dome-shaped cups made of silicone that are inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix before intercourse. They need to be used with spermicide to increase effectiveness.
Cervical caps: These are small, thimble-shaped cups made of silicone or latex that fit over the cervix to prevent sperm from entering the uterus. They also need to be used with spermicide.
Sponges: These are small, round sponges that are soaked in spermicide and inserted into the vagina before intercourse.
Contraceptive films: These are thin, flexible films that contain spermicide and are placed over the cervix before intercourse.
Barrier methods of contraception are generally safe and have no long-term side effects. They are also effective in preventing pregnancy when used correctly and consistently. However, they may not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) unless used in conjunction with a condom.
